13
China's Property Management Industry
SUSTAINABILITY
IN PROPERTY
GOVERNMENT TARGETS
Chinese authorities are now getting serious
about tackling the problem, setting a target
in its 13th Five-Year Plan for 50% of all new
buildings constructed by 2020 to be green
buildings. This target has since been raised
to 70% for new buildings constructed by
2022. President Xi also outlined plans for the
country to seek an emission peak before 2030
and net-zero by 2060. In order to achieve
these goals, many more sustainability
measures should be announced in the coming
years.
BUILDING CERTIFICATIONS
China’s local sustainable building
certification is the Green Building
Evaluation Label (GBEL) or “Three Star”, a
voluntary national-rating system in China
administered by the Ministry of Housing
and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD).
By the end of 2019, there were estimated
to be 19,800 certified projects with a total
GFA of 5 billion sq m. GBEL certification
is dominant as most of the green building
laws and policies refer to GBEL as well
as government subsidy programs. Other
popular certifications in China include LEED
and BREEAM, with 2,714 buildings believed
to have been certified by the former between
2016 and 2020, an increase of 62% compared
to the period of 2010-2015.
All green building certifications look to
minimise the environmental impact of
buildings by requiring an assessment of
the building life cycle, siting and structure
design efficiency, energy, water and materials
efficiency, indoor environmental quality and
operations and maintenance optimisation.
While figures will vary depending upon
asset class, climate, project size, etc.,
many authorities agree that for a minimal
additional investment into building design
and construction, there can be significant
operating cost reductions, while also
generating increased occupancy rates and
enhanced asset values. The USGBC estimates
that it only costs 2-3% more to build a green
building, and the World Green Building
Trend 2018 study in China said new and
retrofit buildings saw operating costs fall
8-9% in the first year, and 13-14% over a
five-year period, while asset values increased
5-7%. USGBC also estimated that LEED
buildings achieved 4% higher occupancy
rates.
A building’s impact is not just on the
environment but also on the tenants and
surrounding community. The WELL
Building Standard is a system that measures,
monitors and certifies built environment
features that impact human safety, health,
comfort and wellbeing. The scheme
encourages improvement to be made on
air, water, nourishment, light, movement,
thermal comfort, sound, materials, mind
and community to improve the wellbeing of
occupants in a building.
ONE SIZE DOESN’T FIT ALL
When many building sustainability
certifications were first developed, the range
of projects certified was relatively narrow,
with most focusing on large scale premium
commercial premises. This made sense given
the already significant investment being
made in design specifications, tenant profile
and CSR requirements. As sustainability
gathers greater recognition, the sector
matures, authorities push standards and
targets, monitoring technologies advance
and certification companies look to broaden
their reach and impact, the range of
properties that can be certified grows while
the cost of certification continues to fall.
ESG STOCKS
Tenant demand for more sustainable
buildings will only continue to grow as more
firms sign up to sustainable development
goals. This is not only important from
a CSR perspective but can also increase
corporate market valuations and improve
talent attraction and retention. A December
2020 report by Ping’an Digital Research
Centre found that ESG funds outperformed
the China market average. Annualised
returns for pure ESG funds were 47.1%,
environmental-based funds 70.0%, pan-
ESG concept funds 56.4% and corporate
governance funds 47.9%. This is compared
to an average of 42.22% for the overall equity
fund market.
CHALLENGES AND THE ROLE OF
PROPERTY MANAGERS
CO2 emissions from the building sector
(40%) can be broken down into embodied
(12%) and operational (28%), with the former
emitted during project construction and
the latter during the day-to-day running of
the asset. Improvements are being made in
both areas with new materials, designs and
construction practices reducing emissions
during development. Meanwhile, improved
designs, materials and ongoing monitoring
and feedback loops enable more efficient
building operations. Data gathering can also
be important in informing new development
designs or when a building is ready to be
refitted/renovated.
However, systems only work if people know
how to use them and the purpose they serve.
This is where property management firms
come in—communicating and following
up with staff, tenants and other various
stakeholders as well as keeping an eye on
systems to ensure that they are working
efficiently. It is important that not only
NGOs, researchers, policymakers, investors,
developers, designers, builders and material
manufacturers get involved, but also tenants
need to be educated so that they understand
how behaviours affect energy savings.
Buildings use about 40% of global energy, 25% of global water, 40% of global resources and emit approximately one-third of greenhouse
gases. Transforming the real estate industry into an industry with less environmental impact through greater efficiency, better
materials and more conscious choices is of vital importance to the world.