Daily Grammar
Practice
6
th
Grade
DGPNOTES
Created by
Dawn Burnette
- -
-------- ------------------------------------------- ~-----
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Daily Grammar Practice: Teacher Guide and Answer Keys and Student Workbook
available for grades 1 through 12 and college
Daily Grammar Practice is also available for learners of French, Spanish, and Latin.
Sample
Monday: Identify each word as noun (common, proper, possessive), pronoun (type, case,
person), verb (helping, linking, action, tense), adverb, adjective, preposition, conjunction
(coordinating, subordinating, correlative), or interjection.
ind pro prep
many of
1
pos pro
our
n
students
au/pres
like
ad] n
cafeteria food
Tuesday: Identify sentence parts including subject (complete and simple), complete predicate,
verb (transitive or intransitive), direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative, predicate
adjective, appositive, and prepositional phrase (adjective or adverb).
s
op vt do
many (of our students) like cafeteria food
adj prep pli
Wednesday: Identify each clause as independent or dependent; identify the sentence type as
simple, compound, or complex; and identify the sentence purpose as declarative, imperative,
interrogative, or exclamatory.
ind
d
[many of our students like cafeteria food]
ss/dec
Thursday: Add capitalization and punctuation including end punctuation, commas, semicolons,
apostrophes, underlining, and quotation marks.
Many of our students like cafeteria food.
Friday: Fill in the diagram structure using this week's sentence.
like food
Many
students
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Marking Guide
Monday Abbreviations
n
=
common noun
N = proper noun
pos n = possessive noun
pro = personal pronoun
1
=
first person
2
=
second person
3 = third person
nom
=
nominative
obj = objective
pos
=
possessive
ind pro
=
indefinite pronoun
int pro = interrogative pronoun
dem pro = demonstrative pronoun
ref pro = reflexive pronoun
rp= relative pronoun
adj
=
adjective
Adj = proper adjective
art = article
av
=
action verb
lv
=
linking verb
hv
=
helping verb
pres
=
present tense
past = past tense
f = future tense
per = perfect tense
prog = progressive tense
adv = adverb
prep = preposition
int = interjection
cc = coordinating conjunction
sc = subordinating conjunction
cor conj = correlative conjunction
= complete predicate
do
=
direct object
io = indirect object
pn
=
predicate nominative
pa
=
predicate adjective
op
=
object of preposition
( ) =
phrase
adj prep ph = adjective prepositional phrase
adv prep ph
=
adverb prepositional phrase
app = appositive
Wednesday Abbreviations
[ ] =
clause
ind cl = independent clause
dep cl = dependent clause
ss
=
simple sentence
cd
=
compound sentence
ex = complex sentence
dec = declarative
imp = imperative
exc = exclamatory
int
=
interrogative
Thursday Proofreading Marks
(Write in each symbol as your teacher
goes over it with you in class.)
capitalize:
insert apostrophe:
insert quotation marks:
insert semicolon:
insert comma:
insert end punctuation:
italicize:
Tuesday Abbreviations
S = simple subject
_ = complete subject
vt = transitive verb
vi
=
intransitive verb
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Monday Notes
(Parts of Speech)
NOUN
• person, place, thing, idea
• common (n): names a general noun; begins with lower case letter (city)
• proper (N): names a specific noun; begins with capital letter (Detroit)
• possessive (pos n, pos N): shows ownership (girl's, Roger's)
PRONOUN (pro)
• takes the place of a noun
• types
o personal (1st person: pronouns having to do with "me"; 2
nd
person: pronouns
having to do with "you"; 3
rd
person: pronouns having to do with everyone else)
• singular nominative (nom): I, you, he, she, it
• plural nominative (nom): we, you, they
• singular objective (obj): me, you, him, her, it
• plural objective (obj): us, you, them
• singular possessive (pos): my, your, his, her, its, mine, yours
• plural possessive (pos): our, your, their, ours, yours, theirs
o interrogative (int): asks a question
• Which? Whose? What? Whom? Who?
o demonstrative (dem): demonstrates which one
• this, that, these, those
o indefinite (ind): doesn't refer to a definite person or thing
• each, either, neither, few, some, all, most, several, few, many, none, one,
someone, no one, everyone, anyone, somebody, nobody, everybody,
anybody, more, much, another, both, any, other, etc.
o reflexive (ref): reflects back to "self'
• myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
• not words: hisself, ourself, theirse1ves
o relative (rp): starts adj. dependent clauses
• that, which, who, whom, whose
ADVERB (adv)
• modifies adjectives (really cute), verbs (run quickly), and other adverbs (~ easily)
• tells How? When? Where? To what extent?
• Not and never are always adverbs.
ADJECTIVE (adj)
• modifies nouns (I have a green pen.) and pronouns (They are
lli!I.mY.)
• tells Which one? How many? What kind?
• articles (art): a, an, the
• proper adjective (Adj): proper noun used as an adjective (American flag)
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PREPOSITION (prep)
• shows relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word in the sentence
• across, after, against, around, at, before, below, between, by, during, except, for, from, in,
of, off, on, over, since, through, to, under, until, with, according to, because of, instead of,
etc.
• We went to school. We went up the stairs.
CONJUNCTION
• joins words, phrases, and clauses
• types
o coordinating (cc)
• FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
o
subordinating (sc)
• starts adv. dependent clauses (and therefore must be followed by subject
and verb)
• after, since, before, while, because, although, so that, if, when, whenever,
as, even though, until, unless, as if, etc.
o
correlative (cor conj)
• not only/but also, neither/nor, either/or, both/and
INTERJECTION (int)
• expresses emotion but has no real connection with the rest of the sentence
• set apart from sentence by comma or exclamation point
• No, I'm not finished with my homework. Wow! What a great new car!
VERB
• shows action or state of being
• types
o action (av)
• shows action
• She wrote a note.
o linking (lv)
• links two words together
• can be linking: is, be, am, are, was, were, been, being, appear, become,
feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, etc.
• English is fun. (English = fun)
• The flower smells pretty. (flower = pretty) The dog smells the flower.
(action)
o helping (hv)
• "helps" an action verb or linking verb
• If a verb phrase has four verbs, the first three are helping. If it has three
verbs, the first two are helping. And so on.
• can be helping: is, be, am, are, was, were, been, being, will, would, can,
could, shall, should, may, might, must, have, has, had, do, does, did
• We have been taking notes all day. (Taking is action.)
• She will be cold without a jacket. (Be is linking.)
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• tenses
o present (pres)
• happening now (jump, talk, eat)
o past (past)
• happened previously (jumped, talked, ate, fell)
o future
(f)
• will happen in the future (will jump, shall talk)
o present perfect (pres per)
• have or has plus past participle (have jumped, has talked)
o past perfect (past per)
• had plus past participle (had jumped, had talked)
o future perfect (f per)
• will have or shall have plus past participle (will have jumped, shall
have talked)
o present progressive (pres prog)
• is, are, or am plus present participle (am jumping, is jumping, are
jumping)
o past progressive (past prog)
• was or were plus present participle (was jumping, were jumping)
o future progressive (fprog)
• will be or shall be plus present participle (will be jumping, shall
be jumping)
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Tuesday Notes
(Sentence Parts and Phrases)
SIMPLE SUBJECT (S)
• the "who" or "what" of the verb
• ex: The dog with spots likes to bark loudly.
• must be noun or pronoun
• can never be in a prepositional phrase
• There and here are never the subject of a sentence.
• The subject can be an "understood you": Bring me the remote control, please. (You
bring it.)
COMPLETE SUBJECT (underlined once)
• simple subject plus its modifiers
• ex: The dog with spots likes to bark loudly.
• Dependent clauses modifying the subject are part of the complete subject ofthe
independent clause. (The dog that has spots likes to bark.)
SIMPLE PREDICATE/VERB
• transitive verb (vt): takes a direct object (We love English.)
• intransitive verb (vi): does not take a direct object (Please sit down.)
• All linking verbs are intransitive.
COMPLETE PREDICATE (underlined twice)
• verb plus its modifiers
• The dog with spots likes to bark loudly.
• Dependent clauses modifying the verb are part of the complete predicate of the
independent clause. (The dog likes to bark when I'm asleep.)
COMPLEMENT
• completes the meaning of the subject and verb
• types
o direct object (do)
• is a noun or pronoun and is never in a prepositional phrase
• follows an action verb
• To find it, say "subject, verb, what?" or "subject, verb, whom?"
• I like English. "I like what?" English (direct object)
o indirect object (io)
• is a noun or pronoun and is never in a prepositional phrase
• comes before a direct object and after the verb
• To find it, say "subject, verb, direct object, to or for whom or what?"
• He gave me the paper. "He gave paper to whom?" me (indirect object)
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o predicate nominative (pn)
• is a noun or pronoun
• follows linking verb and renames subject
• To find it, say "subject, linking verb, what or who?"
• He is a nice guy. "He is what?" guy (predicate nominative)
o predicate adjective (pa)
• is an adjective
• follows linking verb and describes subject
• To find it, say "subject, linking verb, what?"
• He is nice. "He is what?" nice (predicate adjective)
APPOSITIVE (app)
• noun or pronoun that follows and renames another noun or pronoun
• My son Beck likes trains.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE (prep ph)
• group of words beginning with preposition and ending with noun or pronoun
• can act as adjective (I want a room with a view.) or adverb (His house is on the lake.)
• must be next to noun or pronoun it modifies
OBJECT OF PREPOSITION (op)
• follows preposition and tells "what?" or "whom?"
• The key is under the rug. "under what?" rug (object of preposition)
• Ifthere's no object, it's not a preposition: Please stand up.
(!h2
is an adverb.)
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Wednesday Notes
(Clauses and Sentence Type)
CLAUSES
• Each clause must have a subject and verb.
• types
o independent (ind cl): also called main clause
• Every sentence must have at least one independent clause.
• The independent clause can usually stand alone.
• An independent clause does not start with a relative pronoun,
subordinating conjunction, or noun clause identifier.
o dependent (dep cl): also called subordinate clause
• The dependent clause can never stand alone.
• A dependent clause starts with a relative pronoun, a subordinating
conjunction, or a noun clause identifier.
• We will eat when the bell rings.
SENTENCE TYPES
• simple sentence (ss) = one independent clause
• compound sentence (cd) = two or more independent clauses
• complex sentence (ex) = one independent clause + one or more dependent clauses
SENTENCE PURPOSE
• A declarative sentence makes a statement and ends in a period. (dec)
• An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends in a question mark. (int)
• An imperative sentence gives a command and ends in a period. (imp)
• An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings and ends in an exclamation point.
(exc)
• A declarative, interrogative, or imperative sentence can be exclamatory if it expresses
strong feelings and ends in an exclamation point.
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Thursday Notes
(Punctuation and Capitalization)
CAPITALIZATION
• Capitalize proper nouns:
o days of the week, months, holidays, historical events, etc.
o names of people, companies, organizations, etc.
o names of states, countries, cities, islands, bodies of water, mountains, streets,
parks, stores, etc.
o nationalities, races, religions
o brand names of products
o titles of books, magazines, stories, poems, songs, etc.
o names of ships, trains, monuments, planets, etc.
• Always capitalize the word
I.
• Capitalize the first word of each sentence.
• Capitalize the first word of a quotation.
SEMICOLON
• joins two independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction
o He likes apples; she likes oranges.
o He goes to Harvard; however, she goes to Yale.
• can be used in series with commas for clarity
o We went to London, England; Paris, France; Madrid, Spain; and Rome, Italy.
APOSTROPHE
• Use apostrophes to make words possessive and to make contractions.
• Don't use apostrophes to make words plural.
• Possessive pronouns don't use apostrophes. (hers, its, ours, yours, etc.)
• Be sure you have a real word before your apostrophe: children's toys, not childrens' toys.
• If the word is plural and ends in s, add apostrophe only: dogs' owners.
• Treat singular nouns ending in s just like any other singular noun: boss's, Brutus's.
UNDERLINING/ITALICIZING
• Underlining and italicizing are the same thing.
• Underline or italicize titles oflong things: newspapers, magazines, CDs, movies, novels,
plays, musical compositions, etc.
• Underline or italicize names of ships, planes, trains, and artwork.
• Underline or italicize foreign expressions.
QUOTATION MARKS
• Quote titles of short things: short stories, poems, songs, articles, episodes of TV shows,
etc.
• Quote dialogue and words copied from other sources.
• Commas and periods that follow quoted words always go inside closing quotation marks.
(I said, "Go horne,")
• Colons and semicolons that follow quoted words always go outside closing quotation
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marks. (We're "friendsj; we don't date.)
• Use single quotations marks only to enclose quotes within quotes.
• Use double quotations marks in all other situations. (He's a real "team player.")
COMMAS
(Rule numbers are significant for reference purposes only.)
1.
adverb dependent clause*, independent clause (If it rains, we'll go inside.)
2. independent clause (no comma) adverb dependent clause (We'll go inside if it rains.)
3. independent clause, cc** independent clause (Joe likes pizza, but Fred likes tacos.)
4. subject verb (no comma) cc verb (Joe likes pizza but does not like vegetables.)
5. independent clause; independent clause (Joe likes pizza; Fred likes tacos.)
6. introductory prepositional phrase, (After English class, we go to lunch.)
7. ,nonessential appositive, (We read The Great Gatsby, a novel, in class. essential: We read
the novel The Great Gatsby in class.)
8. ,nonessential adjective clause***, (Jane, who drives a red car, is nice. essential: All
students who skip school should be suspended.)
9. items, in, series (Please buy apples, oranges, and bananas. I like the warm, fuzzy blanket.)
10. , noun of direct address, (Tom, would you hand me the phone? Please don't sit there, Sue.)
11.
day of week, month date, year, (The baby is expected on Sunday, February
27,2000,
in
Georgia.)
12.
city, state, (We moved to Peachtree City, Georgia, in 1975.)
13.
introductory word, (Well, I hope these rules come in handy. However, you must use
them.)
14.
,interrupter, (These rules, I think, will help you if you use them.)
**********
*adverb dependent clause = subordinating conjunction + subject +verb
common subordinating conjunctions: because after
as though
smce
if
while
although
whenever
even
as if
even though
until
so that
before
unless
when
**coordinating conjunctions = FANBOYS
for
gnd
nor hut
or
yet
so
NOT coordinating conjunctions: then, however, therefore
***adjective dependent clause = relative pronoun + subject +verb
relative pronouns: that which who whom whose
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Friday
Notes
(Diagramming)
s
v
s
vt
do
s
Vi '"
pa
Skunks
I
stink
Boys
cars
Girls
I
are \, nice
int
s
s
Vi
Ansley
Yes
compound parts
Joe
Jeff
Joe
Joe
threw
Jeff
clauses
(connect independent clauses at verbs)
(connect dependent clauses to what they describe)
"
He likes
I
science
we do
math
~e;~,,"
't"
I
will eat
I
dinner
I
we
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