Introduction Types of HAZOP HAZOP team Process HAZOP Procedure HAZOP Reporting and review Conclusions
Safeguard types
1. Identify the deviation (e.g., detectors and alarms, and human operator
detection)
2. Compensate for the deviation (e.g., an automatic control system that
reduces the feed to a vessel in case of overfilling it. These are usually
an integrated part of the process control)
3. Prevent the deviation from occurring (e.g., an inert gas blanket in
storages of flammable substances)
4. Prevent further escalation of the deviation (e.g., by (total) trip of the
activity. These facilities are oen interlocked with several units in the
process, oen controlled by computers)
5. Relieve the process from the hazardous deviation (e.g., pressure safety
valves (PSV) and vent systems)
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