A Comparison to the OSI Model (Lower Layers)
The Open Systems Interconnection Model
4. Transport layer
● TCP/IP turns packets into reliable streams
● Retransmission, flow control
3. Network layer
● router/switch
● IP, ICMP, UDP, BGP, DNS, …
2. Data link
● Packet framing
● Checksums
1. Physical
● MAC: CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, …
● LAN, WLAN, ATM, RS-232, …
InnoDB Storage Engine
4. Transaction
● Atomic, Consistent, Isolated access to
multiple tables via Locks & Read Views
● XA 2PC (distributed transactions by user,
or binlog-driven for cross-engine commit)
3. Mini-transaction
● Atomic, Durable multi-page changes
● Page checksums, crash recovery
2. Operating System (file system, block
device)
● Ext4, XFS, ZFS, NFS, …
1. Hardware/Firmware (physical storage)
● Hard disk, SSD, NVRAM, …