Microsoft Word - 01 SuzukiOnlineSupportingInformation

Appendix S1. List of verbs.

Supuran

g

o Translatio

n

avanza

r

To eat

comenta

r

To run

g

usta

r

To do push-ups

lava

r

To lau

g

h

etene

r

To drin

k

encende

r

To kic

k

dole

r

To liste

n

pone

r

To sleep

deprimi

r

To call

impedi

r

To coo

k

dormi

r

To

j

ump rope

parti

r

To dance

dominas To write

camenzas To plow

costas To throw darts

montas To clea

n

detenes To rea

d

devolves To shop

metes To cut

b

ebes To wash

definis To wal

k

recibis To smoke

venis To stretch

sentis To cou

g

h

Appendix S2. Test items in the generalization test.

During Training sessions (Test 1, Test 2A, Test 2B, Test 3A, Test 3B, Test 4A): 12 test items

Verb Cate

g

or

y

Test 1 Test 2A Test 2B Test 3A Test 3B Test 4A

A

R

dodapa

r

podana

r

so

g

umar

b

osapa

r

sasuma

r

b

o

g

una

r

A

R

posa

r

poda

r

b

ena

r

pasa

r

sesa

r

b

osa

r

E

R

sabeze

r

apeze

r

satebe

r

uranbe

r

esepe

r

b

eranze

r

E

R

pase

r

dose

r

b

aze

r

eze

r

ose

r

b

ope

r

I

R

nesapi

r

b

esani

r

abenpi

r

tepasi

r

serabi

r

sasibi

r

I

R

g

osi

r

sabi

r

g

asi

r

soni

r

tapi

r

zapi

r

AS domibas monipas rodasas somamas moradas pomipas

AS somas

g

opas

b

odas ropas pomas dodas

ES mezedes

b

ebofes semazes fenodes nepepes sebapes

ES sefes fedes mezes sedes memes medes

IS pebizis

b

esamis sepazis sesamis sebisis tesamis

IS zesis tesis pepis

b

eris pezis

b

epis

After Training sessions (Test 4B, Test 5, Test 6): 24 test items

Verb Cate

g

or

y

Test 4B, 5, 6 Verb Cate

g

or

y

Test 4B, 5, 6

A

R

b

apena

r

AS pomadas

A

R

esenma

r

AS romibas

A

R

daba

r

AS

b

opas

A

R

nopa

r

AS

g

omas

E

R

opebe

r

ES sendapes

E

R

urape

r

ES femonzes

E

R

b

oze

r

ES remes

E

R

paze

r

ES nefes

I

R

peseni

r

IS pesopis

I

R

epanpi

r

IS tedesis

I

R

rabi

r

IS

b

ezis

I

R

zorsi

r

IS mefis

Appendix S3. Explicit Grammatical Information Sheet.

(English translation version)

How do you express present progressive? (be – ing)

Youneedtoconjugateaverbtoformthepresent‐progressive.

How to form present-progressive form

Insupurango,therearesixcategoriesofverbs.Dependingontheverbtype,the

presentprogressiveformchanges.Let’scheckthetablebelow.

Verb

Category

Uninflectedform(to

do)

Changedform(be‐ing)

ARverb lav‐ar(tolaugh) lav‐iando(laughing)

ERverb pon‐er(tosleep) pon‐iendo(sleeping)

IRverb part‐ir(todance) part‐iondo(dancing)

ASverb mont‐as(toclean) mant‐iando(cleaning)

ESverb deten‐es(toread) diten‐iendo(reading)

ISverb recib‐is(tosmoke) rocib‐iondo(smoking)



NotethatAS,ES,andISverbsinvolvetwochanges(thefirstvowelandtheverb

ending).



You can refer to this sheet any time during the training session.

Appendix S4. Correlation Coefficients of Outcome Tests Scores with LAA, WMC, RMA, and MRRA

LAA

WMC

RMA

MRRA

Shorter-

spaced

Longer-

spaced

Shorter-

spaced

Longer-

spaced

Shorter-

spaced

Longer-

spaced

Shorter-

spaced

Longer-

spaced

r p r p r p r p r p r p r p r p

Rule

Test 1 .23 .22

.00 .98

.49 .01

.11 .59

.20 .29

.25 .19

.26 .17

.19 .32

Test 2A -.03 .89

.24 .21

.31 .14

-.06 .74

.34 .07

.44 .02

.24 .20

.43 .02

Test 2B .38 .04

.26 .16

.33 .10

.17 .37

.43 .02

.36 .05

.50 .00

.38 .04

Test 3A .15 .43

.36 .05

.22 .28

.04 .85

.03 .88

.38 .04

.09 .63

.43 .02

Test 3B .18 .35

.30 .11

.22 .28

-.06 .76

.15 .44

.40 .03

.19 .30

.42 .02

Test 4A .28 .14

.39 .03

.30 .14

-.01 .95

.23 .21

.44 .01

.31 .10

.49 .01

Test 4B .08 .67

.36 .05

.10 .64

-.12 .53

.09 .62

.42 .02

.11 .57

.47 .01

Test 5 .37 .05

.17 .38

.45 .02

-.15 .45

.36 .05

.43 .02

.44 .01

.39 .04

Test 6 .26 .17

.21 .26

.26 .20

-.13 .50

.15 .44

.42 .02

.23 .21

.40 .03

PP

Test 1 .05 .78

.36 .05

.24 .25

.13 .51

.48 .01

.55 .00

.38 .04

.56 .00

Test 2A .03 .89

.18 .35

.33 .11

-.01 .96

.22 .24

.51 .00

.18 .35

.45 .01

Test 2B .37 .04

.54 .00

.33 .10

.28 .14

.63 .00

.50 .00

.65 .00

.60 .00

Test 3A .20 .29

.29 .11

.38 .06

.11 .56

.48 .01

.56 .00

.46 .01

.54 .00

Test 3B .41 .02

.39 .03

.35 .09

.27 .15

.53 .00

.63 .00

.59 .00

.63 .00

Test 4A .30 .10

.39 .04

.32 .12

.07 .73

.42 .02

.58 .00

.46 .01

.59 .00

Test 4B .44 .02

.33 .08

.23 .27

.36 .06

.45 .01

.51 .00

.54 .00

.51 .00

Test 5 .32 .08

.31 .11

.53 .01

.18 .35

.40 .03

.56 .00

.46 .01

.55 .00

Test 6 .27 .15 .46 .01 .34 .10 .31 .11 .48 .01 .67 .00 .49 .01 .69 .00

Appendix S5. Results of Multiple Regression Analyses of MRRA and WMC as Predictors.

Shorter-spaced



Longer-spaced

R

2

Adjusted R

2

F df1 df2 p



R

2

Adjusted R

2

F df1 df2 p

Rule



Test 1 .24 .17 3.51 2 22 .05



.04 -.04 0.52 2 26 .60

Test 2A .10 .02 1.23 2 22 .31



.22 .16 3.63 2 26 .04

Test 2B .26 .19 3.77 2 22 .04



.15 .08 2.29 2 26 .12

Test 3A .05 -.03 0.60 2 22 .56



.19 .13 3.09 2 26 .06

Test 3B .06 -.03 0.66 2 22 .53



.21 .15 3.54 2 26 .04

Test 4A .12 .04 1.47 2 22 .25



.26 .21 4.66 2 26 .02

Test 4B .01 -.08 0.15 2 22 .86



.29 .23 5.21 2 26 .01

Test 5 .26 .19 3.81 2 22 .04



.23 .16 3.63 2 25 .04

Test 6 .08 .00 0.96 2 22 .40



.23 .17 3.78 2 26 .04

PP



Test 1 .15 .07 1.90 2 22 .17



.32 .27 6.09 2 26 .01

Test 2A .11 .03 1.31 2 22 .29



.23 .17 3.83 2 26 .03

Test 2B .42 .37 8.05 2 22 .00



.37 .32 7.62 2 26 .00

Test 3A .23 .16 3.30 2 22 .06



.30 .24 5.52 2 26 .01

Test 3B .35 .29 5.98 2 22 .01



.41 .36 9.00 2 26 .00

Test 4A .22 .15 3.05 2 22 .07



.36 .31 7.28 2 26 .00

Test 4B .31 .24 4.85 2 22 .02



.31 .26 5.96 2 26 .01

Test 5 .32 .25 5.09 2 22 .02



.30 .25 5.38 2 25 .01

Test 6 .24 .17 3.51 2 22 .05



.49 .45 12.58 2 26 .00

Appendix S6. Results of T-Tests for Aptitude Scores.

Shorter-spaced Longer-spaced

95% CI

of

Difference

N M SD N M SD t df p LL UL

Ospan 25 58.04 7.51

29 53.72 10.36 1.73 52 .09 -0.70 9.33

LLAMA-F 30 28.27 4.27

30 27.07 4.46 1.06 58 .29 -1.06 3.46

LLAMA-B 30 13.50 3.42

30 11.93 4.31 1.56 58 .12 -0.45 3.58

LABJ-PA 30 19.53 3.70

30 18.13 4.40 1.33 58 .19 -0.70 3.50

RMA 30 0.18 0.77

30 -0.18 0.96 1.65 58 .11 -0.08 0.82

MRRA 30 0.17 0.68 30 -0.17 0.85 1.70 58 .09 -0.06 0.74

Note. CI = Confidence Interval