Pump and Pump Apparatus—peristaltic or submersible type for continuous flow sampling
Batteries to operate submersible pump—12 V, 2.6 amp, gel cell, or equivalent
Tubing and connectors—sufficient length and extra "barbed" straight connectors
Carboy—for collection and storage of dilute waste acids used to store bottles
Eppendorf auto pipet and colorless pipet tips—(optional) for acid preservation in field
Fluoropolymer wash bottles—one filled with DI water, one with high- purity 10% Hcl for rinsing
Metal-free sampling pole—for extension of sampling tubing away from the boat gunwhales
Field-Portable Glove Bag—portable, non-metallic or equivalent, covered with inexpensive polyethylene
bag.
When possible obtain and use equipment that is completely free of the metal(s) of interest. Only
fluoropolymer, conventional or linear polyethylene, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polypropylene, or
ultrapure quartz should come in contact with the samples. Fluoropolymer (FEP, PFA, or PTFE) or glass
containers should be used for samples that will be analyzed for mercury because mercury vapors can
diffuse in or out of other materials, resulting either in contamination or low-biased results (Reference 3).
Avoid use of Pyrex, Kimax, methacrylate, polyvinylchloride, nylon, and Vycor (Reference 6). In
addition, avoid material such as highly colored plastics, paper cap liners, pigments (used to mark
increments on plastics and rubber) all of which contain trace levels of metals. PTFE is less desirable than
FEP because the sintered material in PTFE may contain contaminants and is susceptible to serious
memory effects (Reference 6).
Materials such as gloves, storage bags, and plastic wrap, may be used new without additional cleaning
unless the results of the equipment blank pinpoint any of these materials as a source of contamination. In
this case, either a different supplier must be obtained or the materials must be cleaned.
Sample Bottles—Fluoropolymer (FEP, PFA), conventional or linear polyethylene, polycarbonate, or
polypropylene; 500 mL or 1 L with lids. If mercury is a target analyte, FEP bottles must be used.
Previously cleaned sample bottles (SOP# 140) should be filled with 0.1% HCl (v/v); individually stored
in double plastic bags. In most cases, it may be possible to empty the weak acid solution from the sample
bottle immediately prior to transport to the field site.
Surface Sampling Devices—Surface samples are collected using a grab sampling technique. Samples
may be collected manually by direct submersion of the bottle into the water or by using a grab sampling
device. Examples of grab samplers are shown in Figures 1 and 2 and may be used at sites where depth
profiling is neither practical nor necessary.
The grab sampler in Figure 1 consists of a heavy fluoropolymer collar fastened to the end of a 2-m-long
polyethylene pole, which serves to remove the sampling personnel from the immediate vicinity of the
sampling point. The collar holds the sample bottle. A fluoropolymer closing mechanism, threaded onto
the bottle, enables the sampler to open and close the bottle under water, thereby avoiding surface
microlayer contamination (Reference 14). Polyethylene, polycarbonate, and polypropylene are also
acceptable construction materials unless mercury is a target analyte.
An alternate grab sampler design is shown in Figure 2. This grab sampler is used for discrete water
samples and is constructed so that a capped clean bottle can be submerged, the cap removed, sample
collected, and bottle recapped at a selected depth. This device eliminates sample contact with
conventional samplers (e.g., Niskin bottles), thereby reducing the risk of extraneous contamination.
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